Monday 26 June 2017

BASIC Tech Group - MyNews - 48 GPS working

In the last post I described how I wanted to build a GPS input to my VFO, and use this to display my Locator, from the Lat & Lon data, and calibrate the time and date of my RTC. There is a little progress I can report. the VFO has a new 3.5mm socket on the back to connect to the GPS. After a mixup, I have solved the problems of getting the right connections to the GPS and to the Arduino. Arduino pin 12 is the data input from the GPS, connected to the GPS TX output, and pin 13 is connected to the GPS RX input.

IMG 1221

VFO with 3.5mm socket for GPS input

I have some code working - see below.

Screen Shot 2017 07 03 at 10 21 52

VFO with time and date set from GPS

Power up the VFO by USB. Then plug in the GPS. push the button and there is a GPS FIX the RTC will be programmed. The display will show the RTC date time and the Maidenhead Locator. WSPR or JT65 sketches can now be loaded on the VFO and will transmit at the correct time (on UTC minute)

It may be possible to integrate this GPS calibration into the WSPR and JT65 sketches, but there may not be enough memory to do this - I have a vague plan to store the MH in EEPROM so it accessible by WSPR programs.

CODE

// DATE_TIME_MH_SET_GPS
// V2.5 read GPS time, fix & date, calc dow, set RTC, store MH
//      display RTC date & time, MH
// GPS VK-163 jack connections
// 1 tip  VCC
// 2      TX GPS  output
// 3      RX GPS  input
// 4 ring GND

#include "Oled_128X64_I2C.h"
#include "SoftwareSerial.h"
#include "Wire.h"
#include "EEPROM.h"

// Arduino pins TX GPS -> RX(12), RX GPS <- TX(13), button
#define RX 12
#define TX 13
#define SW 4

// RTC address
#define RTCADDR 0x68

// GPS data buffer
char gpsbuf[200];

// data extracted from $GPRMC, ACSII
char tm[20];        // time HHMMSS
char fix[5];        // fix A|V, init void
char dt[20];        // date YYMMDD
char la[15];        // latitude
char ns[2];         // NS
char lo[15];        // longitude
char ew[2];         // EW

// Maidenhead Locator
char mh[10];

// RTC data, decimal
byte hrs, mns, sec;
byte yr, mth, dy;
byte dow;
double lat, lon;

// Serial object
SoftwareSerial gps(RX, TX);

// ============= setup ==============
void setup() {
  // pins
  pinMode(RX, INPUT);
  pinMode(TX, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SW, INPUT_PULLUP);

  // I2C init
  Wire.begin();

  // OLED init, I2C addr 0x3C
  oled.begin();

  // GPS serial init
  gps.begin(9600);

  // init GPS void
  strcpy(fix, "V");
}

// ============== loop ===============
void loop() {
  dispUpdate();

  // if buuton pressed, get GPS data
  if (digitalRead(SW) == LOW) {
    strcpy(fix, "V");              // set V for display update
    dispUpdate();
    
    getGPS();                      // get GPS, extract data
    
    if (strcmp(fix, "A") == 0) {   // when GPS Aquired
      setRTC();                    // set RTC date time dow
      setMH();                     // calculate MH Locator
    }
  }
  
  getRTC();                        // read RTC
}

// ========= GPS funcitons =========
// get RMC line data
void getGPS() {
  do {
    getline(gpsbuf);
  } while (strncmp(gpsbuf, "$GPRMC", 6) != 0);

  // extract strings from $GPRMC fields
  xtract(gpsbuf, 1, tm);          // time HHMMSS
  xtract(gpsbuf, 2, fix);         // fix A or V
  xtract(gpsbuf, 9, dt);          // date YYMMDD

  xtract(gpsbuf, 3, la);          // latitude
  xtract(gpsbuf, 4, ns);          // NS
  xtract(gpsbuf, 5, lo);          // longitude
  xtract(gpsbuf, 6, ew);          // EW
}

// get a line from the GPS, inc /r/n, add /0
void getline(char *out) {
  char c;
  int p;

  p = 0;                         // buffer pointer
  do {
    if (gps.available() > 0) {   // data?
      c = gps.read();            // read character
      out[p++] = c;              // put in buffer
    }
  } while ( c != '\n' );          // stop on /n
  out[p] = '\0';                 // terminate string
}

// extract field and return string in outbuf
void xtract(char *in, int field, char *out) {
  int ip = 0;                    // input buffer pointer
  int op = 0;                    // output buffer pointer
  int f = 0;                     // field counter

  while (f < field) {            // find start of field, ip
    while (in[ip++] != ',');
    f++;
  }

  while (in[ip] != ',')  {      // scan to next ','
    out[op++] = in[ip++];       // copy in to out
  }
  out[op] = '\0';               // terminate out string
}

// ================ RTC functions  SET =================
// set date and time bytes to RTC BCD
void setRTC() {
  // get GPS data in bytes, calc dow
  hrs = strtob(tm, 0);           // HH....
  mns = strtob(tm, 2);           // ..MM..
  sec = strtob(tm, 4);           // ....SS
  dy  = strtob(dt, 0);           // DD....
  mth = strtob(dt, 2);           // ..MM..
  yr  = strtob(dt, 4);           // ....YY
  dow = calcDow(yr, mth, dy);

  // program RTC
  Wire.beginTransmission(RTCADDR);
  Wire.write(0);               // next input at sec register

  Wire.write(decToBcd(sec));   // set seconds
  Wire.write(decToBcd(mns));   // set minutes
  Wire.write(decToBcd(hrs));   // set hours
  Wire.write(decToBcd(dow));   // set day of week
  Wire.write(decToBcd(dy));    // set date (1 to 31)
  Wire.write(decToBcd(mth));   // set month (1-12)
  Wire.write(decToBcd(yr));    // set year (0 to 99)
  Wire.endTransmission();
}

// convert ASCII (0-99), starting at bp, to byte
byte strtob(char *in, int bp) {
  char out[20];

  strncpy(out, in + bp, 2);     // copy 2 char
  return (byte)atoi(out);       // return byte
}

// Convert decimal to BCD
byte decToBcd(byte dec)
{
  return ( (dec / 10 * 16) + (dec % 10) );
}

// calc dow
byte calcDow(byte year, byte month, byte day)
{
  unsigned long days;
  unsigned int febs;
  unsigned int months[] =
  {
    0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 // days until 1st of month
  };

  days = year * 365;   // days up to year

  febs = year;
  if (month > 2) febs++; // number of completed Februaries

  // add in the leap days
  days += ((febs + 3) / 4);
  days -= ((febs + 99) / 100);
  days += ((febs + 399) / 400);

  days += months[month - 1] + day;

  // now we have day number such that 0000-01-01(Sat) is day 1

  return (byte)(((days + 5) % 7));
}

// ====================Maidenhead functions================
// calculate maideng=head locator from lat & lon
void setMH() {
  // extract lat * lon from GPS data
  xtract(gpsbuf, 3, la);
  xtract(gpsbuf, 4, ns);
  xtract(gpsbuf, 5, lo);
  xtract(gpsbuf, 6, ew);

  lat = convertPos(la, ns);
  lon = convertPos(lo, ew);

  findMH(mh, lat, lon);

  saveMH(); // save in EEPROM
}

// convert Lat, Lon strings to decimal +/-NS|EW
double convertPos(char *pos, char *d) {
  double pp, mm, ans;
  int dd;

  pp = atof(pos);                        // get in decimal ddmm.mmmmmmm
  dd = (int)pp / 100;                    // get degrees part
  mm = pp - (100 * dd);                  // get minutes
  ans = dd + (double)mm / 60.0;          // calc decimal degrees

  if (strcmp(d, "N") == 0 || strcmp(d, "E") == 0)  // if positive
    return ans;
  else
    return - ans; // negative
}

// find MH from lat & lon
void findMH(char *dst, double fa, double fo) {
  int a1, a2, a3;
  int o1, o2, o3;
  double rd;

  // Latitude
  rd = fa + 90.0;
  a1 = (int)(rd / 10.0);
  rd = rd - (double)a1 * 10.0;
  a2 = (int)(rd);
  rd = rd - (double)a2;
  a3 = (int)(24.0 * rd);

  // Longitude
  rd = fo + 180.0;
  o1 = (int)(rd / 20.0);
  rd = rd - (double)o1 * 20.0;
  o2 = (int)(rd / 2.0);
  rd = rd - 2.0 * (double)o2;
  o3 = (int)(12.0 * rd);

  dst[0] = (char)o1 + 'A';
  dst[1] = (char)a1 + 'A';
  dst[2] = (char)o2 + '0';
  dst[3] = (char)a2 + '0';
  dst[4] = (char)o3 + 'A';
  dst[5] = (char)a3 + 'A';
  dst[6] = '\0';
}

// save mh in EEPROM bytes 0-6
void saveMH() {
  int addr;
  byte i;

  addr = 0;
  i = 0;
  while(i < strlen(mh))                    // write MMnnMM to EEPROM
    EEPROM.write(addr++, mh[i++]);
  EEPROM.write(addr, '\0');                // terminate string
}

// ====================RTC functions READ =================
// get time from RTC, convert BCD to decimal
void getRTC() {
  // Reset the RTC register pointer
  Wire.beginTransmission(RTCADDR);
  Wire.write(0);
  Wire.endTransmission();

  // request 7 bytes from the RTC address
  Wire.requestFrom(RTCADDR, 7);

  // get the time date
  sec = bcdToDec(Wire.read()); // 0 - 59
  mns = bcdToDec(Wire.read()); // 0 - 59
  hrs = bcdToDec(Wire.read() & 0b111111); // mask 12/24 bit
  dow = bcdToDec(Wire.read()); // 0 = Sunday
  dy  = bcdToDec(Wire.read()); // 1 - 31
  mth = bcdToDec(Wire.read()); // 0 = jan
  yr  = bcdToDec(Wire.read()); // ..yy
}


// Convert BCD to decimal numbers
byte bcdToDec(byte val) {
  return ( (val / 16 * 10) + (val % 16) );
}

// ============Picture Display ===============
// picture loop
void dispUpdate() {
  oled.firstPage();
  do {
    dispMsg(55, 0, "GPS");
    if (strcmp(fix, "V") == 0) {            // no fix V
      dispMsgL(30, 15, "GET GPS");
      dispMsg(25, 45, "Press Button");
    }
    else {
      dispMsgL(30, 15, mh);                 // fix A
      dispDate(15, 32, dow, dy, mth, yr);
      dispTimeL(25, 45, hrs, mns, sec);
    }
  } while ( oled.nextPage() );
}

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